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The Geochemical Speciation of Hand-dug Well Water of Kakamega County, Kenya

Received: 7 February 2016     Accepted: 18 February 2016     Published: 19 March 2016
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Abstract

This contribution makes use of AquaChem computational platform to determine the mineral assemblage and mineral speciation of hand-dug well water of Kakamega Metropolis. Mineral speciation, hydrochemical behavior, charge balance error (CBE), and piper plots are important factors in establishing mineral composition and water histories of a given hydrological regime. The ionic strength as predicted using AquaChem was between 0.0051 and 0.0068 in the hand-dug wells investigated in this study. AquaChem gave a charge balance error (CBE) of between 38.0 and - 0.9, and predicted that Kakamega waters belong to the class of primary waters having very low concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS<150 mg/kg). Piper plots indicated that the water is possibly from local supply of each element throughout history, origin, and migration of the water. Evidently, the oxygen-rich ions represented by HCO3- and SO42- were abundant compared to Cl- and F-. This implies that the water originates from shallow aquifers, and is of low salinity.

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajac.20160402.12
Page(s) 40-49
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

AquaChem, Aquifer, Charge Balance Error, Speciation

References
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[5] Karmegam, U., et al., A study on the mixing proportion in groud water samples by using piper diagram and phreeqc model. Chinese Journal of geochemistry, 2011. 30: p. 490.
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[8] Freedman, A. J. E., et al., Hydrothermal Minerals Record Co(2) Partial Pressures in the Reykjanes Geothermal System, Iceland. American Journal of Science, 2009. 309(9): p. 788-833.
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  • APA Style

    Joshua Kiprotich Kibet, David Munyonge Kituyi, Samuel Limo Chelimo, Lorna Chemutai Chesir. (2016). The Geochemical Speciation of Hand-dug Well Water of Kakamega County, Kenya. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 4(2), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160402.12

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    ACS Style

    Joshua Kiprotich Kibet; David Munyonge Kituyi; Samuel Limo Chelimo; Lorna Chemutai Chesir. The Geochemical Speciation of Hand-dug Well Water of Kakamega County, Kenya. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2016, 4(2), 40-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20160402.12

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    AMA Style

    Joshua Kiprotich Kibet, David Munyonge Kituyi, Samuel Limo Chelimo, Lorna Chemutai Chesir. The Geochemical Speciation of Hand-dug Well Water of Kakamega County, Kenya. Am J Appl Chem. 2016;4(2):40-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20160402.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajac.20160402.12,
      author = {Joshua Kiprotich Kibet and David Munyonge Kituyi and Samuel Limo Chelimo and Lorna Chemutai Chesir},
      title = {The Geochemical Speciation of Hand-dug Well Water of Kakamega County, Kenya},
      journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
      volume = {4},
      number = {2},
      pages = {40-49},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20160402.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160402.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20160402.12},
      abstract = {This contribution makes use of AquaChem computational platform to determine the mineral assemblage and mineral speciation of hand-dug well water of Kakamega Metropolis. Mineral speciation, hydrochemical behavior, charge balance error (CBE), and piper plots are important factors in establishing mineral composition and water histories of a given hydrological regime. The ionic strength as predicted using AquaChem was between 0.0051 and 0.0068 in the hand-dug wells investigated in this study. AquaChem gave a charge balance error (CBE) of between 38.0 and - 0.9, and predicted that Kakamega waters belong to the class of primary waters having very low concentration of total dissolved solids (TDSHCO3- and SO42- were abundant compared to Cl- and F-. This implies that the water originates from shallow aquifers, and is of low salinity.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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    T1  - The Geochemical Speciation of Hand-dug Well Water of Kakamega County, Kenya
    AU  - Joshua Kiprotich Kibet
    AU  - David Munyonge Kituyi
    AU  - Samuel Limo Chelimo
    AU  - Lorna Chemutai Chesir
    Y1  - 2016/03/19
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160402.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20160402.12
    T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    SP  - 40
    EP  - 49
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8745
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160402.12
    AB  - This contribution makes use of AquaChem computational platform to determine the mineral assemblage and mineral speciation of hand-dug well water of Kakamega Metropolis. Mineral speciation, hydrochemical behavior, charge balance error (CBE), and piper plots are important factors in establishing mineral composition and water histories of a given hydrological regime. The ionic strength as predicted using AquaChem was between 0.0051 and 0.0068 in the hand-dug wells investigated in this study. AquaChem gave a charge balance error (CBE) of between 38.0 and - 0.9, and predicted that Kakamega waters belong to the class of primary waters having very low concentration of total dissolved solids (TDSHCO3- and SO42- were abundant compared to Cl- and F-. This implies that the water originates from shallow aquifers, and is of low salinity.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya

  • Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya

  • Department of Physics, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya

  • Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya

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