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How Deposition Parameters Affect Phase Formation in Metals

Received: 13 October 2016     Published: 13 October 2016
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Abstract

To understand the mechanism for formation of fcc-cobalt nanowires in electrodeposition, we have systematically studied the effect of deposition potential, pH, and deposition temperature on the formation of fcc Co nanowires by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Co nanowires deposited at the potential of -1.6V are pure hcp phase. When increasing the value of potential to -2.0V, there are hcp Co and fcc Co crystals in the deposited nanowires. The fraction of fcc Co crystals in the nanowires increases with increasing the potential value. At -3.0V, the nanowires are pure fcc Co. The pH of the solution has little effect on formation of fcc Co nanowires. We have also seen that high concentration and low temperature favors fcc phase whereas low concentration and high temperature favors hcp phase. However, at 35°C the co-occurrence of hcp and fcc phases were also observed. These experimental results can be explained by the classical electrochemical nucleation theory. The formation of fcc Co crystals can be attributed to smaller critical clusters formed at a higher potential value since the smaller critical clusters favor formation of fcc nuclei.

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16
Page(s) 192-200
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nanostructure, Electrodeposition, Fcc Cobalt, Crystal Growth

References
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  • APA Style

    Tahir Mehmood, Aiman Mukhtar, Babar Shahzad Khan, Wu Kaiming. (2016). How Deposition Parameters Affect Phase Formation in Metals. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 4(5), 192-200. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16

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    ACS Style

    Tahir Mehmood; Aiman Mukhtar; Babar Shahzad Khan; Wu Kaiming. How Deposition Parameters Affect Phase Formation in Metals. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2016, 4(5), 192-200. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16

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    AMA Style

    Tahir Mehmood, Aiman Mukhtar, Babar Shahzad Khan, Wu Kaiming. How Deposition Parameters Affect Phase Formation in Metals. Am J Appl Chem. 2016;4(5):192-200. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16,
      author = {Tahir Mehmood and Aiman Mukhtar and Babar Shahzad Khan and Wu Kaiming},
      title = {How Deposition Parameters Affect Phase Formation in Metals},
      journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
      volume = {4},
      number = {5},
      pages = {192-200},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20160405.16},
      abstract = {To understand the mechanism for formation of fcc-cobalt nanowires in electrodeposition, we have systematically studied the effect of deposition potential, pH, and deposition temperature on the formation of fcc Co nanowires by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Co nanowires deposited at the potential of -1.6V are pure hcp phase. When increasing the value of potential to -2.0V, there are hcp Co and fcc Co crystals in the deposited nanowires. The fraction of fcc Co crystals in the nanowires increases with increasing the potential value. At -3.0V, the nanowires are pure fcc Co. The pH of the solution has little effect on formation of fcc Co nanowires. We have also seen that high concentration and low temperature favors fcc phase whereas low concentration and high temperature favors hcp phase. However, at 35°C the co-occurrence of hcp and fcc phases were also observed. These experimental results can be explained by the classical electrochemical nucleation theory. The formation of fcc Co crystals can be attributed to smaller critical clusters formed at a higher potential value since the smaller critical clusters favor formation of fcc nuclei.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - How Deposition Parameters Affect Phase Formation in Metals
    AU  - Tahir Mehmood
    AU  - Aiman Mukhtar
    AU  - Babar Shahzad Khan
    AU  - Wu Kaiming
    Y1  - 2016/10/13
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16
    T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    SP  - 192
    EP  - 200
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8745
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.16
    AB  - To understand the mechanism for formation of fcc-cobalt nanowires in electrodeposition, we have systematically studied the effect of deposition potential, pH, and deposition temperature on the formation of fcc Co nanowires by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Co nanowires deposited at the potential of -1.6V are pure hcp phase. When increasing the value of potential to -2.0V, there are hcp Co and fcc Co crystals in the deposited nanowires. The fraction of fcc Co crystals in the nanowires increases with increasing the potential value. At -3.0V, the nanowires are pure fcc Co. The pH of the solution has little effect on formation of fcc Co nanowires. We have also seen that high concentration and low temperature favors fcc phase whereas low concentration and high temperature favors hcp phase. However, at 35°C the co-occurrence of hcp and fcc phases were also observed. These experimental results can be explained by the classical electrochemical nucleation theory. The formation of fcc Co crystals can be attributed to smaller critical clusters formed at a higher potential value since the smaller critical clusters favor formation of fcc nuclei.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, International Research Institute for Steel Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China

  • The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, International Research Institute for Steel Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China

  • Department of Physics, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan

  • The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, International Research Institute for Steel Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China

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