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Extraction and Analysis of Spectral Properties and ChroMophoric Characterization of Natural Dye Extract from Barks of Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae)

Received: 5 July 2019     Accepted: 30 July 2019     Published: 4 September 2019
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Abstract

Terminalia brownii is known for its medicinal properties has been used to treatment and management of malaria, ulcers, diarrhea, coughs, hepatitis etc. In Elgeyo-Marakwet County, and amongst the Marakwet community of Kenya, the plant has been known for its dyeing properties and has been used historically for the dyeing of traditional handbags locally known as “kiondos”. Literature evaluation indicates little is known concerning the dyeing properties of this plant, hence there was need for such work to be done. This coupled with the fact that there has been an attempted shift to natural dyes from their synthetic counterparts which are considered to be poisonous, allergens and in some cases carcinogenic. In this work, two extraction methods namely soxhlet and maceration were compared for their percentage yields with maceration being chosen as a preferred method. The extracts were then separated and identified via UV-VIS, FT-IR and LC-MS. Preliminarily the UV-Vis was used for identification of chromophores present in the dye extracts at maximum absorption (λ max) due to electron transitions from HOMO-LUMO whereas the FT-IR was used to identify the specific vibrational chemical bonds characteristic of the individual functional groups present in the dye extracts. LC-MS in tandem with collision induced dissociation (CID) was used to accurately identify and characterize the chromophoric compounds based on their structures, molecular (product ion) and fragmentation pattern which were then compared with LC-MS data, library and the literature. Several compounds with dyeing properties such as Catechin, Epi-Catechin, Baccatin, Gentianose, Geniposide and Genipin were identified. Gentianose, geniposide baccatin and genipin are being reported for the first time as chromophoric compounds in Terminalia brownii.

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12
Page(s) 116-122
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Chromophores, FT-IR, LC-MS, Terminalia brownii, UV-Vis

References
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[4] Almeida. D., Bennemann. D., Bianchi, C., Barroso L. de Freitas. (2014) Colorful, Cute, Attractive and Carcinogenic: The Dangers of Dyes. Cancer Research Journal. Vol. 2, No. 6-1, pp. 42-48. doi: 10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.15.
[5] Carey, A., Rodewijk, N., Xu, X., & van der Weerd, J. (2013). Identification of dyes on single textile fibers by HPLC-DAD-MS. Analytical chemistry, 85 (23), 11335-11343. doi: 10.1021/ac402173e.
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[12] Venkatalakshmi, P., Vadivel, V., & Brindha, P. (2016). Identification of Flavonoids in Different Parts of Terminalia catappa L. Using LC-ESI-MS/MS and investigation of their anticancer effect in EAC Cell Line Model. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 8 (4), 176-183. Retrieved from www.jpsr.pharmainfo.in.
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    Maiyo Kimutai Bernard, Munyendo Lincoln Were, Kiprop Kipchumba Ambrose, Mibey Richard. (2019). Extraction and Analysis of Spectral Properties and ChroMophoric Characterization of Natural Dye Extract from Barks of Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae). American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 7(4), 116-122. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12

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    ACS Style

    Maiyo Kimutai Bernard; Munyendo Lincoln Were; Kiprop Kipchumba Ambrose; Mibey Richard. Extraction and Analysis of Spectral Properties and ChroMophoric Characterization of Natural Dye Extract from Barks of Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae). Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2019, 7(4), 116-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12

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    AMA Style

    Maiyo Kimutai Bernard, Munyendo Lincoln Were, Kiprop Kipchumba Ambrose, Mibey Richard. Extraction and Analysis of Spectral Properties and ChroMophoric Characterization of Natural Dye Extract from Barks of Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae). Am J Appl Chem. 2019;7(4):116-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12,
      author = {Maiyo Kimutai Bernard and Munyendo Lincoln Were and Kiprop Kipchumba Ambrose and Mibey Richard},
      title = {Extraction and Analysis of Spectral Properties and  ChroMophoric Characterization of Natural Dye Extract from Barks of Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae)},
      journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
      volume = {7},
      number = {4},
      pages = {116-122},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20190704.12},
      abstract = {Terminalia brownii is known for its medicinal properties has been used to treatment and management of malaria, ulcers, diarrhea, coughs, hepatitis etc. In Elgeyo-Marakwet County, and amongst the Marakwet community of Kenya, the plant has been known for its dyeing properties and has been used historically for the dyeing of traditional handbags locally known as “kiondos”. Literature evaluation indicates little is known concerning the dyeing properties of this plant, hence there was need for such work to be done. This coupled with the fact that there has been an attempted shift to natural dyes from their synthetic counterparts which are considered to be poisonous, allergens and in some cases carcinogenic. In this work, two extraction methods namely soxhlet and maceration were compared for their percentage yields with maceration being chosen as a preferred method. The extracts were then separated and identified via UV-VIS, FT-IR and LC-MS. Preliminarily the UV-Vis was used for identification of chromophores present in the dye extracts at maximum absorption (λ max) due to electron transitions from HOMO-LUMO whereas the FT-IR was used to identify the specific vibrational chemical bonds characteristic of the individual functional groups present in the dye extracts. LC-MS in tandem with collision induced dissociation (CID) was used to accurately identify and characterize the chromophoric compounds based on their structures, molecular (product ion) and fragmentation pattern which were then compared with LC-MS data, library and the literature. Several compounds with dyeing properties such as Catechin, Epi-Catechin, Baccatin, Gentianose, Geniposide and Genipin were identified. Gentianose, geniposide baccatin and genipin are being reported for the first time as chromophoric compounds in Terminalia brownii.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Extraction and Analysis of Spectral Properties and  ChroMophoric Characterization of Natural Dye Extract from Barks of Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae)
    AU  - Maiyo Kimutai Bernard
    AU  - Munyendo Lincoln Were
    AU  - Kiprop Kipchumba Ambrose
    AU  - Mibey Richard
    Y1  - 2019/09/04
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12
    T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    SP  - 116
    EP  - 122
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8745
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12
    AB  - Terminalia brownii is known for its medicinal properties has been used to treatment and management of malaria, ulcers, diarrhea, coughs, hepatitis etc. In Elgeyo-Marakwet County, and amongst the Marakwet community of Kenya, the plant has been known for its dyeing properties and has been used historically for the dyeing of traditional handbags locally known as “kiondos”. Literature evaluation indicates little is known concerning the dyeing properties of this plant, hence there was need for such work to be done. This coupled with the fact that there has been an attempted shift to natural dyes from their synthetic counterparts which are considered to be poisonous, allergens and in some cases carcinogenic. In this work, two extraction methods namely soxhlet and maceration were compared for their percentage yields with maceration being chosen as a preferred method. The extracts were then separated and identified via UV-VIS, FT-IR and LC-MS. Preliminarily the UV-Vis was used for identification of chromophores present in the dye extracts at maximum absorption (λ max) due to electron transitions from HOMO-LUMO whereas the FT-IR was used to identify the specific vibrational chemical bonds characteristic of the individual functional groups present in the dye extracts. LC-MS in tandem with collision induced dissociation (CID) was used to accurately identify and characterize the chromophoric compounds based on their structures, molecular (product ion) and fragmentation pattern which were then compared with LC-MS data, library and the literature. Several compounds with dyeing properties such as Catechin, Epi-Catechin, Baccatin, Gentianose, Geniposide and Genipin were identified. Gentianose, geniposide baccatin and genipin are being reported for the first time as chromophoric compounds in Terminalia brownii.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya

  • School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, United States International University - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya

  • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya

  • School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

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